31 On this site I will talk about the particle "wa". "Wa" is the most characteristic particle in Japanese, because it is closely connected with how sentences are made in Japanese, especially with the way of presenting information. Together with "wa", I will briefly refer to "ga" which is said to be similar to "wa".. On the site "What are the characteristics of Japanese?" I explained as follows (a)Tanakasan wa ocha o nomimashita. (Tanaka drank tea.)(b)Tanakasan wa Satosan to kissaten de ocha o nomimashita. (Tanaka drank tea at a coffee shop withSato.)"O" in "Ocha o" in sentence (a) and (b) is the object marker, which marks "ocha" as object. "To" in sentence (b) "Satosan to" is "with" in English, so "Satosan to" means "with Sato". "De" as in "kissaten de" is similar to"at", so "kissaten de" can be translated as "at a coffee shop". As you can see, the particle marks the noun's role within the sentence. "Ocha" is the object, "Satosan" is the partner of the action, "kissaten" is the placeof the action, and these are each the nouns' "role".The role is called the "case" in grammatical terms. "O", "to", and "de" are particles that mark cases, so they are called case particles or case markers. On the site "What are the characteristics of Japanese?" I explained that "wa" is the subject marker (this means that it is a kind of case marker). However, I mentioned "at this stage, I will refrain from further explanation". In fact, "wa" is not a subject marker or a case marker. At the time I needed to explain as I did, but on this site I will explain about the real nature of "wa" in detail. What is a "case marker"?; "Wa" is not a case marker ◆ Particle "wa" and "information structure"
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