17 In this way it is easy to distinguish inflection types from dictionary forms, but from masu-forms it is impossible to distinguish them. If the masu-form is "-emasu", then the verb is Type II, but if the masu-form is "-imasu", there is no way of distinguishineg the verb type. For example, "okimasu" could be type I ("oku" in dictionary form), or Type II ("okiru" in dictionary form). In this case, both verbs exist, "oku" is to put, and "okiru" is to get up or wake up. Needless to say, there are many cases where just one of the two types exist, but, you cannot tell which. As a conclusion, you need to distinguish inflection types from dictionary forms, and it is impossible to distinguish them from masu-forms in principle. This means that if you learn the dictionary forms, you can automatically distinguish the inflection types. This is why you should learn verbs in the dictionary form to expand your verb vocabulary. Masu-forms are used at the very early stage of studying Japanese, so some students tend to think that masu-form is the most familiar form, and they learn verbs in masu-form, think in masu-form, and inflect the words always in masu-form, even after learning the dictionary form. However, it is advisable to think in dictionary form. This is very useful when you look up a word in a dictionary or when you distinguish the inflection type. Japanese native speakers think in dictionary form, and getting used to it is also very effective for international students when they want to improve their Japanese skill. (In our center, we teach dictionary forms from an early stage. This has been very efficient.) I can hear some of you say, "Okay, I understood so far, but aren't there exceptions to the rules of distinguishing inflection types?" Well, to be honest, there are quite a few exceptions. There are some words where the last three letters in dictionary form are "-iru" or "-eru" but belong to Type I. But although there are quite a few exceptions in Japanese on the whole, the words used at the beginner level from those exceptions are only 5-10 words, such as "kaeru (return)", "hairu (enter)", "hashiru (run)", "kiru (cut)", and "shiru (know)". I do not think these are too many, what do you think? (In traditional grammatical terms, the exceptions listed above are ra-gyo godan verbs where the vowel before "ru" is "i" or "e". The inflection itself is regular, but their forms may be mixed up with ichidan verbs.) Familiarize yourself with the dictionary form Exceptions to the rules of distinguishing inflection types
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