As a matter of course, more than two elements can be put after verbs in some cases. For example, the sentence "nom-as-are-nak-atta-hazuda (must have not been made to drink)" has 5 elements, causative, passive, negative, past tense, and modality. This type of language is called agglutinative language. Japanese is a typical agglutinative language, as well as Korean and Turkish. There are certain rules of order when putting more than two elements after a verb. As mentioned above, it is a characteristic of Japanese that various elements follow verbs. Considering that all these elements are included in verbs, Japanese verbs are rich in information, and change into various forms. To be fluent in Japanese, it is essential to learn the various forms of verbs, and to be able to use them with ease. It may seem difficult, but you can manage if you follow the rules one by one. Explanations on these matters will be elaborated on in the next site "verbs and their inflections". A sentence in Japanese must be read to the very end to reach the essential information, one cannot even figure out if it is affirmative or negative, because the verb is put at the end of the sentence, and many elements follow after the verbs. It is inconvenient in this way, but adverbs with functions that suggest the end of the sentence in advance are well developed, so actually it is not so inconvenient. A language with flexible word order It was mentioned earlier that the basic word order of Japanese is SOV, but the essential point is that the verb is at the end. As long as this rule is followed, the word order is very flexible, such as the ability to the put subject later than object. How could this be possible? As we have learned, verb include various information, so the structure of the sentence, in the case of a simple sentence, is only made of a verb and a "noun + particle" (and adverbs). In addition, each noun has a particle which marks its role, so as long as the "noun + particle" is moved together, information is not lost when the word order is changed. That is why the word order of Japanese is highly flexible, and for this reason particles play a very important role in Japanese. Although the word order is flexible, the most natural word order is to put the subject at the beginning, and place the object just before the verb, so it is advisable for beginners to practice in this word order. 7
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